Learn how to use modal verbs to express necessity and obligation
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dana: Hi everyone, and welcome back to RomanianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 7 - The Perils of Hiking in Romania. Dana Here. |
| Mihai: Bună. I'm Mihai. |
| Dana: In this lesson, you’ll learn modal verbs for expressing necessity and obligation. The conversation takes place in the forest. |
| Mihai: It's between Masanobu and Mihai. |
| Dana: The speakers are friends; therefore, they will speak informal Romanian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Masanobu: Sunt foarte obosit. Destinația este încă departe? |
| Mihai: Da. Trebuie să urcăm aproximativ 3 (trei) ore de aici. |
| Masanobu: Oh! Este încă atât de departe. Nu cred că pot. |
| Mihai: Haide, eu sunt sigur că reușim! |
| Masanobu: Ai grijă! Este un urs! |
| Mihai: Unde?! |
| Masanobu: Acolo, chiar în spatele tău! |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation one more time, slowly. |
| Masanobu: Sunt foarte obosit. Destinația este încă departe? |
| Mihai: Da. Trebuie să urcăm aproximativ 3 (trei) ore de aici. |
| Masanobu: Oh! Este încă atât de departe. Nu cred că pot. |
| Mihai: Haide, eu sunt sigur că reușim! |
| Masanobu: Ai grijă! Este un urs! |
| Mihai: Unde?! |
| Masanobu: Acolo, chiar în spatele tău! |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Masanobu: I’m really tired. Is the destination still far? |
| Mihai: Yeah. We need to climb about 3 hours more from here. |
| Masanobu: Oh! It’s still so far. I don’t think I can make it. |
| Mihai: Come on, I'm sure we can do it! |
| Masanobu: Watch out! There’s a bear! |
| Mihai: Where?! |
| Masanobu: There, right behind you! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dana: Wow, there was a bear? Are bears common in Romania? |
| Mihai: About 60% of all bears in Europe are found in the Carpathian Mountains. And there are about 6,000.. |
| Dana: That’s a lot! Do they ever bother humans? |
| Mihai: Well, some bears in Brasov came into the town to forage for food in the streets. |
| Dana: That’s terrible! Was everyone okay? |
| Mihai: Yeah, the bears were moved to a reservation after that. Romania also has a large wolf population, but now they’re only found in the mountains and dense forests. |
| Dana: What other animals are there? |
| Mihai: There are also foxes - that’s a very common wild animal in Romania. |
| Dana: Is fox fur popular? |
| Mihai: It is among luxury clothing manufacturers. |
| Dana: Are there many laws protecting wild animals? |
| Mihai: These laws are under debate and are still being organized, but some international laws have been put into place over the last few years. There are about 20 national parks and a thousand protected areas. |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dana: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mihai: obosit [natural native speed] |
| Dana: tired |
| Mihai: obosit[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: obosit [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: destinație [natural native speed] |
| Dana: destination |
| Mihai: destinație[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: destinație [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: a urca [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to climb |
| Mihai: a urca[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: a urca [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: încă [natural native speed] |
| Dana: still |
| Mihai: încă[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: încă [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: atât de [natural native speed] |
| Dana: so |
| Mihai: atât de[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: atât de [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: departe [natural native speed] |
| Dana: far |
| Mihai: departe[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: departe [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: haide [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Come! |
| Mihai: haide[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: haide [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: în spatele [natural native speed] |
| Dana: behind |
| Mihai: în spatele[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: în spatele [natural native speed] |
| Dana: And lastly.. |
| Mihai: grijă [natural native speed] |
| Dana: care |
| Mihai: grijă[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: grijă [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Dana: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Mihai: Ai grijă! |
| Dana: Meaning "Be careful!" |
| Mihai: This is the imperative form of the compound verb a avea grijă |
| Dana: Which means “to be careful.” It’s in the second-person singular form. |
| Mihai: It can be used anytime someone thinks that there’s danger. |
| Dana: Can this be used in formal and informal situations? |
| Mihai: In formal situations, use the plural version aveți grijă! |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mihai: Sure. For example, you can say.. Ai grijă să nu te pierzi! |
| Dana: ..which means "Be careful not to get lost!" |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mihai: În spatele... |
| Dana: Meaning "Behind..." |
| Dana: This is a compound preposition in the genitive case. |
| Mihai: It’s made out of the preposition în, meaning "in," and the articulated noun spate. |
| Dana: This means “the back.” The phrase is literally “in the back of.” |
| Mihai: It is used to indicate a specific location where an action takes place, or where an object is. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Mihai: Sure. For example, you can say.. În spatele casei există o piscină mică. |
| Dana: .. which means "Behind the house there is a small pool." |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn modal verbs that are used to express necessity and obligation. |
| Dana: Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express necessity and probability. In English, modal verbs include “should, would, may, might” and so on. |
| Mihai: In Romanian, you can use a trebui. |
| Dana: Meaning “must” or “have to.” |
| Mihai: with another verb in conjunctive, participle, infinitive or supine. You can also use a avea |
| Dana: “to have” |
| Mihai: and a fi |
| Dana: “to be,” followed by verbs in conjunctive or supine form. You can read more detailed information about these verb modes in the lesson notes. But now, let’s look closer at the word “must.” |
| Mihai: Remember, that is a trebui. |
| Dana: How does it conjugate? |
| Mihai: For example, eu trebuie is “I must,” and noi trebuie |
| Dana: is “we must.” How about in past tense, such as “I had to”? |
| Mihai: eu a trebuit. “We had to” is noi a trebuit. |
| Dana: A full conjugation chart is in the lesson notes. Mihai, can you give us some example sentences? |
| Mihai: Haide! Trebuie să ne grăbim! |
| Dana: “Let’s go! We must hurry up!” |
| Mihai: In the conditional-optative form, such as eu ar trebui, the meaning is “I should.” Ar fi trebuit să fi mers atât de mult pe hartă. |
| Dana: “We should have walked that much on the map.” So, when do we use this modal verb? |
| Mihai: It can be used in many contexts that express necessity or obligation. |
| Dana: Let’s hear some more examples to show these contexts. |
| Mihai: Trebuie să mâncăm |
| Dana: “We must eat.” |
| Mihai: Trebuie să vină cu noi. |
| Dana: “They must come with us.” |
| Mihai: Ar trebui să o ajuţi pe sora ta. |
| Dana: “You should help your sister.” |
| Mihai: Va trebui să fii atent la lupi. |
| Dana: “You will have to pay attention for wolves.” |
Outro |
| Dana: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mihai: La revedere. |
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