Learn how to use the genitive and dative cases
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dana: Hi everyone, and welcome back to RomanianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 16 - Following Romanian Instructions. Dana Here. |
| Mihai: Bună. I'm Mihai. |
| Dana: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the Genitive and Dative cases. The conversation takes place at a rental shop. |
| Mihai: The speaker is the person in charge, who gives instructions. |
| Dana: It’s a customer service context; therefore, he will speak formal Romanian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Responsabil: Pentru a deschide ușa, trageți de levierul negru din dreapta. |
| Responsabil: Nu curățați scaunele cu materiale abrazive. |
| Responsabil: Pentru a deschide capota, apăsați pe butonul albastru din stânga. |
| Responsabil: Apoi ridicați capota cu mâna sau cu ce doriți. |
| Responsabil: În caz de urgență, sunați la acest număr de telefon. |
| Responsabil: Pentru întrebări, scrieți firmei la adresa de e-mail de mai jos. |
| Responsabil: Nu conduceți vehiculul sub influența alcoolului. |
| Responsabil: Purtați întotdeauna centura de siguranță. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Responsabil: Pentru a deschide ușa, trageți de levierul negru din dreapta. |
| Responsabil: Nu curățați scaunele cu materiale abrazive. |
| Responsabil: Pentru a deschide capota, apăsați pe butonul albastru din stânga. |
| Responsabil: Apoi ridicați capota cu mâna sau cu ce doriți. |
| Responsabil: În caz de urgență, sunați la acest număr de telefon. |
| Responsabil: Pentru întrebări, scrieți firmei la adresa de e-mail de mai jos. |
| Responsabil: Nu conduceți vehiculul sub influența alcoolului. |
| Responsabil: Purtați întotdeauna centura de siguranță. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Person in charge: In order to open the door, pull the black handle from the right side. |
| Person in charge: Do not clean the chairs with abrasive substances. |
| Person in charge: In order to open the hood, press the blue button on the left. |
| Person in charge: Then lift the hood with your hands or with whatever you want. |
| Person in charge: In case of emergency, call this phone number. |
| Person in charge: For questions, write to the company at the e-mail address below. |
| Person in charge: Don't drive the vehicle under the influence of alcohol. |
| Person in charge: Always wear your seatbelt. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dana: So, in this conversation we heard some rules for renting a car. |
| Mihai: Yes. Cars and the car industry itself have grown in the past few years in Romania. |
| Dana: What effect has the industry had on the country? |
| Mihai: More than a quarter of Romanian exports are from the car industry, and it has created a great number of jobs. |
| Dana: What companies are present in Romania? |
| Mihai: Dacia Renault and Ford are the biggest players, but many other companies have factories making car parts. |
| Dana: Are cars a convenient mode of transport in Romania? |
| Mihai: They’re the most convenient! There are about 5 million cars on the road in Romania. |
| Dana: Do Romanians like to buy new cars, or is there a thriving second-hand market? |
| Mihai: More than half are second hand, as that seems to be the most cost effective. |
| Dana: Finally, what car brands are popular? |
| Mihai: The Romanian brand Dacia, plus cars such as Volkswagens, Skodas, and Fords. |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dana: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mihai: pentru [natural native speed] |
| Dana: for |
| Mihai: pentru[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: pentru [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: a deschide [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to open |
| Mihai: a deschide[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: a deschide [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: a trage [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to pull |
| Mihai: a trage[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: a trage [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: levier [natural native speed] |
| Dana: handle |
| Mihai: levier[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: levier [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: scaun [natural native speed] |
| Dana: chair |
| Mihai: scaun[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: scaun [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: capotă [natural native speed] |
| Dana: hood |
| Mihai: capotă[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: capotă [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: a apăsa [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to press |
| Mihai: a apăsa[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: a apăsa [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: a ridica [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to lift |
| Mihai: a ridica[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: a ridica [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: în caz de [natural native speed] |
| Dana: in case of |
| Mihai: în caz de[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: în caz de [natural native speed] |
| Dana: And last.. |
| Mihai: centură [natural native speed] |
| Dana: belt |
| Mihai: centură[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: centură [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Dana: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mihai: pentru a |
| Dana: Meaning "in order to." |
| Mihai: This is made from the preposition pentru. |
| Dana: Meaning “for.” |
| Mihai: And the preposition a. |
| Dana: Which means “to.” It is used when making the infinitive of a verb. |
| Mihai: We use this to talk about the conditions needed to perform an action. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Mihai: Sure. For example, you can say.. Pentru a răspunde cerințelor lui a trebuit să ne schimbăm planul. |
| Dana: ..which means "In order to respond to his requests we had to change our plan." |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mihai: în caz de |
| Dana: Meaning "in case of" |
| Dana: Can you break down this adverbial structure for us? |
| Mihai: First is the preposition în, meaning “in.” Next is the neuter noun caz, which is in singular form. |
| Dana: It means “case.” |
| Mihai: Finally is the preposition de. |
| Dana: This means “of.” The phrase literally means “in case of.” |
| Mihai: We use this to talk about a situation or condition requiring a certain type of reaction. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mihai: Sure. For example, you can say.. Trebuie să schimbați actele în caz de divorț. |
| Dana: .. which means "You must replace your documents in case of divorce." |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn about the Genitive and Dative cases. |
| Dana: What is the genitive case used for? |
| Mihai: It expresses possession, and we can use it to respond to a/al/ale/ai cui? |
| questions. |
| Dana: So, it’s used to respond to “whose” questions. Let’s look at common situations in which it is used. |
| Mihai: There is the genitival article al meu, which means “my.” |
| Dana: It expresses possession and is pre-poised to the noun, having a form for each number and gender. |
| Mihai: The genitive case also requires the use of an articulated preposition or adverbial structure such as înaintea. |
| Dana: “In front of.” Now, let’s move onto the dative case. |
| Mihai: This expresses destination and comes as a reply to the question cui? |
| Dana: Which means “To whom?” Here are some of the common situations where this case applies. |
| Mihai: As an indirect complement expressed by a noun. For example, Dă mâncare câinelui |
| Dana: “He gives food to the dog.” Also, as a personal or reflexive pronoun that replaces a possessive adjective. For example, “Where did I park my car?” |
| Mihai: That’s Unde mi-am parcat mașina? It can also be used as a personal pronoun in a pronominal unipersonal and impersonal verb, such as a-i plăcea. |
| Dana: “To like.” It seems like these cases are a little similar and easy to get confused. Mihai, do you have any tips so we don’t get confused between the genitive and dative cases? |
| Mihai: Sure. Try to remember that the genitive expresses possession while the dative expresses destination. |
| Dana: Okay. Anything else? |
| Mihai: The personal pronoun in genitive determines a noun while the one in dative determines a verb. |
| Dana: Let’s hear some examples. First, a genitive sentence. |
| Mihai: Este ziua lui. |
| Dana: “It is his birthday.” And next a similar dative sentence. |
| Mihai: Ziua asta este a lui. |
| Dana: “This is his birthday.” |
| Mihai: Another genitive sentence is Ei au acționat împotriva legii. |
| Dana: “They acted against the law.” And a similar dative sentence? |
| Mihai: Acest fapt se supune legii. |
| Dana: “This act is under the law.” Let’s hear one final pair of sentences. Again, genitive first. |
| Mihai: Hainele din mijlocul camerei sunt curate. |
| Dana: “The clothes in the middle of the room are clean.” And now a similar dative sentence. |
| Mihai: Camerei mele îi stă mai bine curată. |
| Dana: “My room looks better while clean.” |
Outro |
| Dana: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mihai: La revedere. |
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